8.1 The Master said, Taibo may be said to have possessed the utmost of virtue. Thrice he ceded the world to another. The people could find no words to praise him.
8.2 The Master said, If one is reverent but without li one is burdened; if one is vigilant but without li one is fearful; if one is valorous but without li one causes chaos; if one is straightforward but without li one causes affronts.
When the junzi is devoted to his parents, the people rise up as ren; when he does not discard his old comrades, the people are not dishonest.
8.3 Master Zeng fell ill. He summoned the disciples of his school. “Uncover my feet; uncover my hands! The Poetry says,
All vigilance, all caution,
As though nearing the edge of abyss,
As though treading upon thin ice.
“My young friends, from this point on, I know that I have escaped whole!”
8.4 Master Zeng fell ill. Meng Jingzi called upon him. Master Zeng said, “When a bird is about to die, his call is mournful; when a man is about to die, his words are good.
“There are three things a junzi cherishes in the dao. In attitude and bearing, keep far from arrogance; in facial expression, keep aligned close to faithfulness; in uttering words, keep far from coarse abrasiveness.
“So far as minor matters of ritual implements are concerned, there are functionaries to take care of those.”
8.5 Master Zeng said, To be able, yet to ask advice of those who are not able; to have much, yet to ask advice of those who have little; to view possession as no different than lacking; fullness as no different than emptiness; to be transgressed against yet not to bear a grudge – in past times, I had a friend who worked to master these things.
8.6 Master Zeng said, A man to whom one can entrust a growing youth of middling stature and a territory a hundred lĭ square, who, nearing a great crisis, cannot be waylaid from his purpose – would such a man not be a junzi? Such a man would be a junzi.
8.7 Master Zeng said, A gentleman cannot but be broad in his determination. His burden is heavy and his road is long. He takes ren to be his burden – is the burden not heavy? Only with death may he lay it down – is the road not long?
8.8 The Master said, Rise with the Poetry, stand with li, consummate with music.
8.9 The Master said, The people can be made to follow it, they cannot be made to understand it.
8.10 The Master said, When one who loves only valor is placed under the stress of poverty, the result is chaos. If a person is not ren, placing him under stress leads to extremes, and chaos follows.
8.11 The Master said, If a person had ability as splendid as the Duke of Zhou, but was otherwise arrogant and stingy, the rest would not be worth a glance.
8.12 The Master said, A student willing to study for three years without obtaining a salaried position is hard to come by.
8.13 The Master said, Be devoted to faithfulness and love learning; defend the good dao until death.
Do not enter a state poised in danger; do not remain in a state plunged in chaos.
When the dao prevails in the world, appear; when it does not, hide.
When the dao prevails in a state, to be poor and of low rank is shameful; when the dao does not prevail in a state, to be wealthy and of high rank is shameful.
8.14 The Master said, When one does not occupy the position, one does not plan its governance.
8.15 The Master said, The overture of Music Master Zhi, the final coda of the song Ospreys, overflowing – how they fill the ear!
8.16 The Master said, Recklessly bold yet not straightforward; ignorant yet uncompliant; empty headed yet unfaithful – I wish to know nothing of such people.
8.17 The Master said, One should study as though there were not enough time, yet still feel fear of missing the point.
8.18 The Master said, Towering! – that Shun and Yu should have possessed the world yet treated none of it as their own.
8.19 The Master said, How grand was the rule of the Emperor Yao! Towering is the grandeur of Tian; only Yao could emulate it. So boundless the people could find no name for them – towering were his achievements! Glimmering, they formed an emblem of patterns.
8.20 Shun possessed five ministers and the world was ordered. King Wu said, “I have ten ministers to curtail the chaos.”
Confucius commented, “Talent is hard to find, is it not! In the times of Yao and Shun it was most abundant. And of the ten, one was a woman: it was merely nine.
“The Zhou controlled two-thirds of the empire, yet continued to serve the Yin. The virtue of the Zhou may be said to be the utmost of virtue.”
8.21 The Master said, I can find no fault in Yu. Yu was frugal in his own food and drink, but thoroughly filial towards the spirits; he wore shabby clothes, but ritual robes of the finest beauty; his palace chambers were humble, but he exhausted his strength on the waterways that irrigated the fields. I can find no fault with Yu.
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